Green Molecules: Driving Job Creation in Europe by 2040

The report “Green Molecules: The Upcoming Revolution in the European Employment Market,” developed by Cepsa and ManpowerGroup, examines the employment impact of green molecules—such as green hydrogen and biofuels—in Europe up to 2040. It highlights the skills, knowledge, and aptitudes required by professionals who will fill the jobs generated by this emerging industry.

According to the study, investment in green molecules not only accelerates the European energy transition but also fosters significant job creation, thereby driving economic growth. The green molecule industry is projected to create between 1.7 and 2 million new direct, indirect, and induced jobs in the EU-27 and the UK by 2040. On average, this translates to 101,000 jobs annually, reflecting a growth rate of 23%.

Spain is expected to take the lead in job creation linked to green molecules by 2030 and 2040. Specifically, 116,000 new positions are anticipated in Spain by 2030, with this number rising to 181,000 by 2040. Following Spain, the UK is projected to create 173,000 jobs, Germany 145,000, and France 105,000 by 2040.

The Green Molecule Economy is poised to generate broader economic value across various sectors beyond energy. Of the new jobs created by green hydrogen and biofuels by 2040, 88% will be in sectors such as services, commerce, industry, construction, and education. In contrast, the energy sector itself will account for only 12% of the projected 1.7 million new positions.

The current average age of professionals in the energy sector is 43 years. By 2030, nearly 60% of professionals in hydrogen and biofuel-related jobs will be over 40 years old, with 10% aged 60 or above. This demographic shift presents a pressing challenge to attract younger professionals to the sector.

The Green Molecule Economy is also expected to promote greater inclusion of women in traditionally male-dominated sectors, contributing to a more diverse workforce.

By 2040, 54.5% of new jobs will require green skills. Spain (55.4%), Italy (54.8%), and the UK (54.6%) are identified as the countries where green skills will be most essential for newly created positions. However, these countries also face the largest gaps between current and future skill requirements.

Over the next 17 years, demand is expected to grow for mid- and senior-level scientists and engineers, electricians, administrative and commercial managers, mining and construction laborers, IT professionals, and metal and machine operators. Professionals aiming to secure one of the new jobs will need training in the required skills. Similarly, workers in declining occupations must be reskilled to transition into roles that are more in demand.

The report underscores the rising importance of soft skills, which constitute 46.6% of the most sought-after competencies. Key soft skills include communication, collaboration, and creativity (25.9%); analytical thinking and data documentation (21.2%); and care and assistance provision, encompassing team guidance, rule compliance, and public support (11.7%). Additionally, technical skills related to information management, computer proficiency, and specialized machinery operation are experiencing significant growth in demand.

The Green Molecule Economy offers important opportunities for job creation and economic growth in Europe. However, unlocking this potential requires coordinated efforts from the public and private sectors and educational institutions. Key measures include aligning the supply of skills with industry demand, rethinking university curricula, and strengthening Dual Vocational Training and non-formal education pathways.